Tabela de conteúdos

• Créditos
• Resumo

• Métodos baseados na percepção da fertilidade

• Anticoncepcionais orais

• Anticoncepção hormonal masculina

Quadros e Tabelas

Publicado pelo INFO Project, Center for Communication Programs, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, EUA.

Volume XXXII, Número 3
Primavera de 2004
Série M, Número 19

Um asterisco (*) indica um item que foi particularmente útil na preparação deste número de Population Reports.

1. ACCESS WORKING GROUP OF THE MICROBICIDE INITIATIVE. Preparing for microbicide access and use. New York, Rockefeller Foundation Microbicide Initiative, 2002. 38 p. (Available: <http://www.rockfound.org/Documents/488/rep6_preparing.pdf>)

*2. AFFANDI, B. Long-acting progestogens. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 16(2): 169-179. Apr. 2002.

3. AFFANDI, B., KORVER, T., GEURTS, T.B., and COELINGH BENNINK, H.J. A pilot efficacy study with a single-rod contraceptive implant (Implanon) in 200 Indonesian women treated for < or = 4 years. Contraception 59(3): 167-174. Mar. 1999.

4. AGOESTINA, T. and KUSUMA, I. Clinical evaluation of quinacrine pellets for chemical female sterilization. Advances in Contraception 8(2): 141-151. Jun. 1992.

5. ALEXANDER, N.J. (Organon Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.) [Availability of NuvaRing in developing countries] Personal communication, Nov. 4, 2004.

6. AMORY, J.K. and BREMNER, W. Endocrine regulation of testicular function in men: Implications for contraceptive development. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 182(2): 175-179. Sep. 2001.

7. ANAWALT, B.D., BEBB, R.A., BREMNER, W.J., and MATSUMOTO, A.M. A lower dosage levonorgestrel and testosterone combination effectively suppresses spermatogenesis and circulating gonadotropin levels with fewer metabolic effects than higher dosage combinations. Journal of Andrology 20(3): 407-414. May-Jun. 1999.

8. ANDERSON, F.D. and HAIT, H. A multicenter, randomized study of an extended cycle oral contraceptive. Contraception 68(2): 89-96. Aug. 2003.

*9. ANDERSON, R.A. and BAIRD, D.T. Male contraception. Endocrine Reviews 23(6): 735-762. Dec. 2002.

10. ANDERSON, R.A., KINNIBURGH, D., and BAIRD, D.T. Suppression of spermatogenesis by etonogestrel implants with depot testosterone: potential for long-acting male contraception. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87(8): 3640-3649. Aug. 2002.

11. ANDERSSON, K., ODLIND, V., and RYBO, G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: A randomized comparative trial. Contraception 49(1): 56-72. Jan. 1994.

12. ANDRADE, A.T., SOUZA, J.P., ANDRADE, G.N., ROWE, P.J., and WILDEMEERSCH, D. Assessment of menstrual blood loss in Brazilian users of the frameless copper-releasing IUD with copper surface area of 330 mm2 and the frameless levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception 70(2): 173-177. Aug. 2004.

13. APTER, D., BORSOS, A., BAUMGARTNER, W., MELIS, G.B., VEXIAU-ROBERT, D., COLLIGS-HAKERT, A., PALMER, M., and KELLY, S. Effect of an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinylestradiol on general well-being and fluid-related symptoms. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 8(1): 37-51. Mar. 2003.

14. ARCHER, D.F., BIGRIGG, A., SMALLWOOD, G.H., SHANGOLD, G.A., CREASY, G.W., and FISHER, A.C. Assessment of compliance with a weekly contraceptive patch (Ortho Evra/Evra) among North American women. Fertility and Sterility 77(2 Suppl 2): S27-31. Feb. 2002.

*15. ARÉVALO, M., JENNINGS, V., NIKULA, M., and SINAI, I. Efficacy of the new TwoDay Method of family planning. Fertility and Sterility 82(4): 885-892. Oct. 2004.

*16. ARÉVALO, M., JENNINGS, V., and SINAI, I. Efficacy of a new method of family planning: The Standard Days Method. Contraception 65(5): 333-338. May 2002.

17. ARKIN, M.M. Products liability and the threat to contraception. Civil Justice Memo, No. 36, Feb. 1999.

18. ARSHAT, H., ANG ENG, S., and KWA SIEW, K. Nonsurgical female sterilization with quinacrine pellets: Malaysian experience. Malaysian Journal of Reproductive Health 5(2): 61-69. Dec. 1987.

19. ASSOCIATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (ARHP). Frequently asked questions about the contraceptive patch. Health and Sexuality Magazine, Jan. 2, 2002.

20. ASSOCIATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (ARHP). Other Hormonal Methods for Reducing Menstruation. Clinical Proceedings, Sep. 2004. p. 13.

21. ASSOCIATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (ARHP). Transcervical methods in the US pipeline. Clinical Proceedings, May 7, 2002. p. 15.

*22. AUDET, M.C., MOREAU, M., KOLTUN, W.D., WALDBAUM, A.S., SHANGOLD, G., FISHER, A.C., and CREASY, G.W. Evaluation of contraceptive efficacy and cycle control of a transdermal contraceptive patch vs an oral contraceptive: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 285(18): 2347-2354. May 9, 2001.

23. AUSTIN, G. (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)) [PATH Woman’s Condom] Personal communication, Jan. 4, 2005. (Available: <http://apha.confex.com/apha/132am/techprogram/paper_76029.htm>)

24. AUSTIN, G., COFFEY, P., COHEN, J., KILBOURNE-BROOK, M., SEAMANS, Y., and PATH WOMAN’S CONDOM TEAM. Evaluating the PATH Woman’s Condom. Presented at the APHA 132nd Annual Meeting, Washington DC, Nov. 6-10, 2004.

25. AUSTIN, G., COFFEY, P., COHEN, J., KILBOURNE-BROOK, M., SEAMANS, Y., and PATH WOMAN’S CONDOM TEAM. Including users to develop a refined female condom. Presented at the APHA 132nd Annual Meeting, Washington DC, Nov. 6-10, 2004.

26. BAHAMONDES, L., MARCHI, N.M., NAKAGAVA, H.M., DE MELO, M.L., CRISTOFOLETTI MDE, L., PELLINI, E., SCOZZAFAVE, R.H., and PETTA, C. Self-administration with UniJect of the once-a-month injectable contraceptive Cyclofem. Contraception 56(5): 301-304. Nov. 1997.

27. BALDASZTI, E., WIMMER-PUCHINGER, B., and LOSCHKE, K. Acceptability of the long-term contraceptive levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena): A 3-year follow-up study. Contraception 67(2): 87-91. Feb. 2003.

28. BALLAGH, S.A. Vaginal ring hormone delivery systems in contraception and menopause. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 44(1): 106-113. Mar. 2001

29. BALLAGH, S.A., MISHELL, D.R., JR., JACKANICZ, T.M., LACARRA, M., and EGGENA, P. Dose-finding study of a contraceptive ring releasing norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol. Contraception 50(6): 535-549. Dec. 1994.

30. BARBOSA, I., COUTINHO, E., HIRSCH, C., LADIPO, O., OLSSON, S.E., and ULMSTEN, U. Effects of a single contraceptive Silastic implant containing nomegestrol acetate on ovarian function and cervical mucus production during 2 years. Fertility and Sterility 65(4): 724-729. Apr. 1996.

31. BEBB, R.A., ANAWALT, B.D., CHRISTENSEN, R.B., PAULSEN, C.A., BREMNER, W.J., and MATSUMOTO, A.M. Combined administration of levonorgestrel and testosterone induces more rapid and effective suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone alone: A promising male contraceptive approach. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 81(2): 757-762. Feb. 1996.

32. BENAGIANO, G. Non-surgical female sterilization with quinacrine: An update. Contraception 63(5): 239-245. May 2001.

33. BENAGIANO, G. and PRIMIERO, F.M. Seventy-five microgram desogestrel minipill, a new perspective in estrogen-free contraception. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 997: 163-173. Nov. 2003.

34. BERER, M. Quinacrine family-planning method [letter; comment]. Lancet 343(8910): 1426.

35. BERGER, L. After long hiatus, new contraceptives emerge. New York Times. (New York), Dec. 10, 2002. p. F5.

36. BHATT, R. and WASZAK, C.S. Four-year follow-up of insertion of quinacrine hydrochloride pellets as a means of nonsurgical female sterilization. Fertility and Sterility 44(3): 303-306. Sep. 1985.

37. BIGELOW, J.L., DUNSON, D.B., STANFORD, J.B., ECOCHARD, R., GNOTH, C., and COLOMBO, B. Mucus observations in the fertile window: A better predictor of conception than timing of intercourse. Human Reproduction 19(4): 889-892. Apr. 2004.

38. BJARNADOTTIR, R.I., TUPPURAINEN, M., and KILLICK, S.R. Comparison of cycle control with a combined contraceptive vaginal ring and oral levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol. American Journal of Obstetrical Gynecology 186(3): 389-395. Mar. 2002.

39. BRACHE, V., ALVAREZ-SANCHEZ, F., FAUNDES, A., JACKANICZ, T., MISHELL, D.R., JR., and LAHTEENMAKI, P. Progestin-only contraceptive rings. Steroids 65(10-11): 687-691. Oct.-Nov. 2000.

*40. BRACHE, V., FAUNDES, A., ALVAREZ, F., and COCHON, L. Nonmenstrual adverse events during use of implantable contraceptives for women: Data from clinical trials. Contraception 65(1): 63-74. Jan. 2002.

41. BRACHE, V., MISHELL, D.R., LAHTEENMAKI, P., ALVAREZ, F., ELOMAA, K., JACKANICZ, T., and FAUNDES, A. Ovarian function during use of vaginal rings delivering three different doses of Nestorone. Contraception 63(5): 257-261. May 2001.

42. BROCKMEYER, A., KISHEN, M., and WEBB, A. New GyneFix introducer. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 30(1): 65. Jan. 2004.

43. BUCHTER, D., VON ECKARDSTEIN, S., VON ECKARDSTEIN, A., KAMISCHKE, A., SIMONI, M., BEHRE, H.M., and NIESCHLAG, E. Clinical trial of transdermal testosterone and oral levonorgestrel for male contraception. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84(4): 1244-1249. Apr. 1999.

44. BURKMAN, R.T. The transdermal contraceptive patch: A new approach to hormonal contraception. International Journal of Fertility and Women’s Medicine 47(2): 69-76. Mar.-Apr. 2002.

45. CALLAHAN, M., MAUCK, C., TAYLOR, D., FREZIERES, R., WALSH, T., and MARTENS, M. Comparative evaluation of three Tactylon(TM) condoms and a latex condom during vaginal intercourse: Breakage and slippage. Contraception 61(3): 205-215. Mar. 2000.

46. CARTER, E. (Family Health International) [Synthetic condoms] Personal communication, Jan. 24, 2005.

47. CHAKI, S.P., DAS, H.C., and MISRO, M.M. A short-term evaluation of semen and accessory sex gland function in phase III trial subjects receiving intravasal contraceptive RISUG. Contraception 67(1): 73-78. Jan. 2003.

48. CHAUDHURY, K., BHATTACHARYYA, A.K., and GUHA, S.K. Studies on the membrane integrity of human sperm treated with a new injectable male contraceptive. Human Reproduction 19(8): 1826-1830. Aug. 2004.

49. CHENG TOH, Y., JAIN, J., RAHNNY, M.H., BODE, F.R., and ROSS, D. Suppression of ovulation by a new subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (104 mg/0.65 ml) contraceptive formulation in Asian women. Clinical Therapeutics 26(11): 1845-1854. Nov. 2004.

50. CLARKE, A.K. and MILLER, S.J. The debate regarding continuous use of oral contraceptives. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 35(11): 1480-1484. Nov. 2001.

51. COLLABORATIVE STUDY GROUP ON THE DESOGESTREL-CONTAINING PROGESTOGEN-ONLY PILL. A double-blind study comparing the contraceptive efficacy, acceptability and safety of two progestogen-only pills containing desogestrel 75 micrograms/day or levonorgestrel 30 micrograms/day. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 3(4): 169-178. Dec. 1998.

52. CONCEPTUS. Physician clinical data for Essure. <http://www.essure.com/hcp/hcp_clinical_data.aspx> Conceptus, Accessed Nov. 19, 2003.

53. CONTRACEPTION REPORT. Modern IUDs: Part II. Contraception Report, Vol. 9 No. 5, Nov. 1998. (Available: <http://www.contraceptiononline.org/contrareport/pdfs/09_05.pdf>)

54. COOK, L., NANDA, K., and TAYLOR, D. Randomized crossover trial comparing the eZ.on plastic condom and a latex condom. Contraception 63(1): 25-31. Jan. 2001.

55. COOPER, J.M., CARIGNAN, C.S., CHER, D., and KERIN, J.F. Microinsert nonincisional hysteroscopic sterilization. Obstetrics and Gynecology 102(1): 59-67. Jul. 2003.

56. COUTINHO, E.M., ATHAYDE, C., DANTAS, C., HIRSCH, C., and BARBOSA, I. Use of a single implant of elcometrine (ST-1435), a nonorally active progestin, as a long acting contraceptive for postpartum nursing women. Contraception 59(2): 115-122. Feb. 1999.

57. COUTINHO, E.M., DE SOUZA, J.C., ATHAYDE, C., BARBOSA, I.C., ALVAREZ, F., BRACHE, V., GU, Z.P., EMUVEYAN, E.E., ADEKUNLE, A.O., DEVOTO, L., SHAABAN, M.M., SALEM, H.T., AFFANDI, B., DE ACOSTA, O.M., MATI, J., and LADIPO, O.A. Multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy and acceptability of a single contraceptive implant of nomegestrol acetate, Uniplant. Contraception 53(2): 121-125. Feb. 1996.

58. COUTINHO, E.M. and SEGAL, S.J. Is menstruation obsolete? New York, Oxford University Press, 1999. 190 p.

59. COUTINHO, E.M., SPINOLA, P., TOMAZ, G., MORAIS, K., NASSAR DE SOUZA, R., SABINO PINHO NETO, J., DE BARROS LEAL, W., BOMFIM HIPPOLITO, S., and D’AUREA ABRANCHES, A. Efficacy, acceptability, and clinical effects of a low-dose injectable contraceptive combination of dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide and estradiol enanthate. Contraception 61(4): 277-280. Apr. 2000.

60. COX, C.A. FDA approves Barr’s SEASONALE^®, an extended-cycle oral contraceptive. Sep. 2003.

61. CRAVIOTO, M.D.C., ALVARADO, G., CANTO-DE-CETINA, T., BASSOL, S., OROPEZA, G., SANTOS-YUNG, R., VALENCIA, J., PALMA, Y., FUZIWARA, J.L., NAVARRETE, T., GARZA-FLORES, J., and PEREZ-PALACIOS, G. A multicenter comparative study on the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of the contraceptive subdermal implants Norplant and Norplant-II. Contraception 55(6): 359-367. Jun. 1997.

*62. CROXATTO, H.B. Progestin implants. Steroids 65(10-11): 681-685. Oct-Nov. 2000.

63. DAVIES, G.C., FENG, L.X., and NEWTON, J.R. The effects of a combined contraceptive vaginal ring releasing ethinyloestradiol and 3-ketodesogestrel on vaginal flora. Contraception 45(5): 511-518. May 1992.

64. DENNIS, J. and HAMPTON, N. IUDs: Which device? Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 28(2): 61-68. Apr. 2002.

65. DESENA, F. (Organon) [Implanon approval] Personal communication, Jun. 3, 2004.

66. DEVOTO, L., KOHEN, P., BARNHART, K., ALBA, F., POMMER, R., RETAMALES, I., and COUTINHO, E. Hormonal profile, endometrial histology and ovarian ultrasound assessment during 1 year of nomegestrol acetate implant (Uniplant). Human Reproduction 12(4): 708-713. Apr. 1997.

67. DIAZ, S. Contraceptive implants and lactation. Contraception 65(1): 39-46. Jan. 2002.

68. DIAZ, S., SCHIAPPACASSE, V., PAVEZ, M., ZEPEDA, A., MOO-YOUNG, A.J., BRANDEIS, A., LAHTEENMAKI, P., and CROXATTO, H.B. Clinical trial with Nestorone subdermal contraceptive implants. Contraception 51(1): 33-38. Jan. 1995.

*69. DIEBEN, T.O., ROUMEN, F.J., and APTER, D. Efficacy, cycle control, and user acceptability of a novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Obstetrics and Gynecology 100(3): 585-593. Sep. 2002.

70. DORFLINGER, L. (Family Health International) [Contraceptive Development] Personal communication, June 23, 2004.

71. DORFLINGER, L.J. Metabolic effects of implantable steroid contraceptives for women. Contraception 65(1): 47-62. Jan. 2002.

72. DRUG AND THERAPEUTICS BULLETIN. Is Cerazette the minipill of choice? Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 41(9): 68-69. Sep. 2003.

73. EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL. Seasonale rights bring $20 million. Sep. 17, 2004. (Available: <http://www.evms.edu/about/news/features/2004-09-17-seasonale.html>)

74. EDELMAN, D.A. and VAN OS, W.A. Contraceptive development and testing in the United States of America. International Journal of Fertility 35(4): 206-210. Jul.-Aug. 1990.

75. EL KADY, A.A., NAGIB, H.S., and KESSEL, E. Efficacy and safety of repeated transcervical quinacrine pellet insertions for female sterilization. Fertility and Sterility 59(2): 301-304. 1993.

76. EL NAHAL, N., HASSAN, E.O., and EL HOUSSINIE, M. Acceptability of once-a-month injectable contraceptives Cyclofem and Mesigyna: Focus group discussion. Contraception 59(6): 369-375. Jun. 1999.

77. EL SAHWI, S., KAMEL, M., HAIBA, N., and OSMAN, M. Hysteroscopic and hysterosalpingographic study after intrauterine insertion of quinacrine pellets for non-surgical sterilization. Advances in Contraceptive Delivery Systems 8(1-2): 151-159. 1992.

78. FACULTY OF FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE. CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS UNIT. Desogestrel-only pill (Cerazette). Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 29(3): 162-164. Jul. 2003.

79. FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL (FHI). The Female Condom: From research to the marketplace. Arlington, VA, AIDSCAP Women’s Initiative, FHI, 1997. 43 p.

80. FATHALLA, M.F. Contraception-21. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 67(2): S5-S12. Dec. 1, 1999.

81. FISHEL, J. Contraceptive technologies: How much choice do we really have? Mar-Apr. 1997. (ZPG REPORTER) 2 p.

*82. FRENCH, R., VAN VLIET, H., COWAN, F., MANSOUR, D., MORRIS, S., HUGHES, D., ROBINSON, A., PROCTOR, T., SUMMERBELL, C., LOGAN, S., HELMERHORST, F., and GUILLEBAUD, J. Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD001776. 2004.

83. GAFFIELD, M.L. Systematic review of the evidence for improving access to quality care in family planning: Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. [Unpublished]. 2004.

*84. GALLO, M.F., GRIMES, D.A., and SCHULZ, K.F. Non-latex versus latex male condoms for contraception. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD003550. Nov. 2003.

85. GAO, E., LIN, C., GUI, Y., LI, L., and HE, C. Inhibitine effects of sino-implant plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) on spermatogenesis in Chinese men. Reproduction and Contraception 10(2): 98-105. 1999.

86. GARZA-FLORES, J., MORAKS DEL OLMO, A., FUZIWARA, J.L., FIGUEROA, J.G., ALONSO, A., MONROY, J., PEREZ, M., URBINA-FUENTES, M., GUEVARA, S.J., CEDENO, E., BARRIOS, R., FERMAN, J.J., MEDINA, L.M., VELAZQUEZ, E., and PEREZ-PALACIOS, G. Introduction of Cyclofem once-a-month injectable contraceptive in Mexico. Contraception 58(1): 7-12. Jul. 1998.

87. GLASIER, A. Implantable contraceptives for women: Effectiveness, discontinuation rates, return of fertility, and outcome of pregnancies. Contraception 65(1): 29-37. Jan. 2002.

88. GLASIER, A.F., ANAKWE, R., EVERINGTON, D., MARTIN, C.W., VAN DER SPUY, Z., CHENG, L., HO, P.C., and ANDERSON, R.A. Would women trust their partners to use a male pill? Human Reproduction 15(3): 646-649. 2000.

*89. GRIMES, D., GALLO, M., GRIGORIEVA, V., NANDA, K., and SCHULZ, K. Steroid hormones for contraception in men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD004316. 2004.

*90. GU, Y.Q., WANG, X.H., XU, D., PENG, L., CHENG, L.F., HUANG, M.K., HUANG, Z.J., and ZHANG, G.Y. A multicenter contraceptive efficacy study of injectable testosterone undecanoate in healthy Chinese men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88(2): 562-568. Feb. 2003.

91. GUHA, S.K. (Indian Institute of Technology) [Risug] Personal communication, July 11, 2004.

92. GUHA, S.K., SINGH, G., ANAND, S., ANSARI, S., KUMAR, S., and KOUL, V. Phase I clinical trial of an injectable contraceptive for the male. Contraception 48(4): 367-375. Oct. 1993.

93. GUHA, S.K., SINGH, G., ANSARI, S., KUMAR, S., SRIVASTAVA, A., KOUL, V., DAS, H.C., MALHOTRA, R.L., and DAS, S.K. Phase II clinical trial of a vas deferens injectable contraceptive for the male. Contraception 56(4): 245-250. Oct. 1997.

94. GUHA, S.K., SINGH, G., SRIVASTAVA, A., DAS, H.C., BHARDWAJ, J.C., MATHUR, V., KOUL, J.C., MALHOTRA, R.L., and DAS, S.K. Two-year clinical efficacy trial with dose variations of a vas deferens injectable contraceptive for the male. Contraception 58: 165-174. Sep. 1998.

*95. HALL, P.E. The introduction of Cyclofem into national family planning programmes: Experience from studies in Indonesia, Jamaica, Mexico, Thailand and Tunisia. Task Force on Research on Introduction and Transfer of Technologies for Fertility Regulation, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Contraception 49(5): 489-507. May 1994.

96. HALL, P.E. New once-a-month injectable contraceptives, with particular reference to Cyclofem/Cyclo-Provera. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 62(Suppl 1): S43-56. Aug. 1998.

97. HAMMETT, T.M., MASON, T.H., JOANIS, C.L., FOSTER, S.E., HARMON, P., ROBLES, R.R., FINLINSON, H.A., FEUDO, R., VINING-BETHEA, S., JETER, G., MAYER, K.H., DOHERTY-IDDINGS, P., and SEAGE, G.R., 3rd. Acceptability of formulations and application methods for vaginal microbicides among drug-involved women: Results of product trials in three cities. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 27(2): 119-126. Feb. 2000.

98. HANDELSMAN, D.J. Hormonal male contraception: Lessons from the East when the Western market fails. [Editorial]. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88(2): 559-561. Feb. 2003.

99. HATCHER, R.A., TRUSSELL, J., STEWART, F., NELSON, A., CATES, W., GUEST, F., and KOWAL, D. Contraceptive technology: Eighteenth revised edition. New York, Ardent Media, Inc., 2004.

100. HEDON, B., HELMERHOST, F., CRONJE, H., SHANGOLD, G., FISHER, A., and CREASY, G. Comparison of efficacy, cycle control, compliance, and safety in users of a contraceptive patch vs an oral contraceptive. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 70 (Suppl 1): 78. 2000.

101. HEGER-MAHN, D., WARLIMONT, C., FAUSTMANN, T., GERLINGER, C., and KLIPPING, C. Combined ethinylestradiol/gestodene contraceptive patch: Two-center, open-label study of ovulation inhibition, acceptability and safety over two cycles in female volunteers. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 9(3). Sep. 2004.

102. HEINEMANN, K., SAAD, F., WIESEMES, M., WHITE, S., and HEINEMANN, L. Attitudes toward male fertility control: Results of a multinational survey on four continents. Human Reproduction 20(2): 549-556. Jan. 2005.

103. HEINEMANN, L.A. and DINGER, J. Safety of a new oral contraceptive containing drospirenone. Drug Safety 27(13): 1001-1018. 2004.

104. HIDALGO, M., BAHAMONDES, L., PERROTTI, M., DIAZ, J., DANTAS-MONTEIRO, C., and PETTA, C. Bleeding patterns and clinical performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) up to two years. Contraception 65(2): 129-132. Feb. 2002.

105. HIEU, D.T., TAN, T.T., TAN, D.N., NGUYET, P.T., THAN, P., and VINH, D.Q. 31,781 cases of non-surgical female sterilisation with quinacrine pellets in Vietnam. Lancet 342(8865): 213-217. Jul. 24, 1993.

106. HOLOPAINEN, J. (Schering Oy) [JADELLE^®] Personal communication, Jan. 11, 2005.

107. HOLT, V.L., CUSHING-HAUGEN, K.L., and DALING, J.R. Body weight and risk of oral contraceptive failure. Obstetrics and Gynecology 99(5 Pt 1): 820-827. May 2002.

108. HUBER, J., FOIDART, J.M., WUTTKE, W., MERKI-FELD, G.S., THE, H.S., GERLINGER, C., SCHELLSCHMIDT, I., and HEITHECKER, R. Efficacy and tolerability of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 5(1): 25-34. Mar. 2000.

109. HUME, K. Fertility awareness in the 1990s: The Billings Ovulation Method of natural family planning, its scientific basis, practical application and effectiveness. Advances in Contraception 7(2-3): 301-311. Jun.-Sep. 1991.

110. HURSKAINEN, R. and PAAVONEN, J. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16(6): 487-490. Dec. 2004.

*111. INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (IOM). Contraceptive research and development: Looking to the future. Harrison, P.F. and Rosenfield, A., eds. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1996.

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